The Best Practices for Computer Security

Computer security protects against unauthorized access, including hackers attempting to penetrate computer defenses via the Internet. New viruses and malware are created each day, but some basic security features keep machines safe from data theft.

Antivirus Software

Antivirus software protects against maliciously coded programs. Viruses are often packaged with some programs that look innocent, and run in the background of the computer. Antivirus software prevents the malicious code from loading on computers; clean machines that already have viruses; and run scans that quarantine infected files. This security measure protects users from data loss, and prevents password and identity theft.

Firewall Software

Firewalls differ from antivirus programs because they simply block incoming and outgoing communication with the Internet, protecting computers from spyware. Firewall applications are sometimes included in purchased antivirus programs or installed on routers purchased for home and office networks. Firewall software alerts the user that an application is attempting to access the Internet, which helps identify spyware applications. Spyware often uploads passwords and data to hackers who use the information to steal identities. Firewalls protect personal and company data.

Passwords


With networks becoming commonplace for homes and offices, passwords are options on operating systems such as Windows, Linux and Unix. Users are urged to apply a strong password to log into the machine. The password prevents unauthorized access to hard drive files, either in person or via the local network or the Internet. Passwords should contain letters and numbers, and at least one special character for more security. Network administrators can create password rules so users are forced to enter strong passwords.

Email

Phishing emails attempt to gain access to machines and private information by masquerading as being from an official institution. Users should never execute files from senders that are not recognized. Banking institutions never ask for a password online, so users should be cautious when receiving these communications. Avoid clicking links that claim to bring the reader to a banking institution. Instead, type the website URL into a browser to access the site.

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